On September 1, 1181, Pope Lucius III begins a four-year reign, during which the former Cistercian monk founds the medieval inquisition. It condemned heretics and turned them over to civil authorities for burning.

On September 1, 1422, Henry VI, nine months old, becomes king of England. Within six weeks he also inherited the crown of France.

On September 1, 1807, Former U. S. vice president Aaron Burr is acquitted of treason, on a technicality. He had planned to seize American and Spanish territory in the West and to establish an independent republic.

On September 1, 1857, a French amphibious force launches an invasion of Vietnam with an attack on the port city of Tourane (modern-day Danang). This siege, a punitive campaign against the Vietnamese, was a Vietnamese victory.

On September 1, 1923, in Japan, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake destroys Yokohama and most of Tokyo, killing at least 142,000 people and demolishing the homes of 2.5 million more.

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